Different cults have varying motivations and someone or . So, would you join a cult? Looking at the collateral damage we rarely talk about. Accessibility Statement. endobj Lululemon even pushed employees to use their meager retail-job paychecks to purchase expensive self-help seminars called Landmark Forum, with classes that cost from hundreds to thousands of dollars. endobj We signed up for the personality test and began filling out a questionnaire. No one joins a cult voluntarily; they are recruited into it. I did not have much knowledge regarding cults, I like to consider myself uneducated, and thus reading your post made me curious as to how cults relate to social cognition. Dr. Stein, who grew up protesting alongside her parents during the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, goes on to explain that breaking up with her boyfriend was the catalyst for her to unwittingly join a cult in the United States. endobj HONORS_THESES endobj official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 0000004516 00000 n 0000112823 00000 n After reading Rousselet, Duretete, Hardouin, & Grall-Bronnec (2017), it is clear that there is a sort of indoctrination process that is involved in becoming a part of the cult, and that particular people, such as those who have been previously exposed to cult-like groups, or groups with beliefs that are similar to the cult, may be more vulnerable to this process. 463 0 obj <>84 0 R]/P 572 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> Your email address will not be published. "Timing plays a big part of people's susceptibility," she said. He . 0000006190 00000 n 0000011389 00000 n endobj The core concept in cultism is a followership dependent upon someone or something outside itself to assist it in coping with a threatening external environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education of about 95 percent of students around the world. I think it would make sense, given what you said about people who are dissatisfied with their life, spirituality, or personal development, and that they are in an arguably more vulnerable state. Psychiatry Research, 257, 27-33. In other words, cult recruits typically believe they are joining a legitimate and healthy group that will not . Most people do not realize that a cult does not necessarily have to be a religion. Social media has both positive and negative effects on well-being in youth. 0000115749 00000 n In fact, it could be any one of us, if we were not on guard to stop it from happening. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify vulnerability factors that are involved in the commitment and in the retention in the group, as well as protective factors that are involved in the departure. Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. 0000112713 00000 n <>382 0 R]/P 526 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> Would you like email updates of new search results? endobj I grew up in a cult and I can tell you why normal people join them. B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Adolf Hitler was very good at this. endobj One day as my friend and I were exploring downtown, we came across a recruitment center for The Church of Scientology. 0000116513 00000 n 0000009252 00000 n 0000047218 00000 n People join cults because they're looking for love and acceptance and because they want answers to the personal problems in their lives. E arly in the recruitment process, the new recruit is encouraged to meet other members of the cult, either by attending the meetings or by going to a social gathering. More often than not, a cult will promise to solve an issue in society that no one else is offering a solution to. 29 0 obj "Cults can be seen as an organized group or a solitary person whose purpose is to dominate cult members by using psychological manipulation and pressure strategies." The first step in cult recruitment: "The narcissistic seduction" 0000114895 00000 n Retrieved from: https://www.insider.com/i-grew-up-in-a-cult-and-i-can-tell-you-why-normal-people-join-them-2018-3, Lalich, J (2017). The use of hypnotic altered trance states, that can covertly make people as suggestable as a fully induced hypnosis patient, are not well understood, researched, peer viewed, etc, as of yet. So, joining a cult is a way for many young women to feel like they are seizing some kind of control over their destiny in an otherwise powerless life. Given that the definition of a cult is a little blurry, one could suggest that certain religions, such as Catholicism, appear cultic. Whether it is attaining eternal life in a spiritual realm, or working day and night to change a political issue, a cult can give a purpose in life to people who did not have their own strong goals. Therefore, the model of cult membership would be multifactorial, involving vulnerability and protective factors. The case examples explored in this paper are Jonestown, The Kentucky Vampire Clan, The Manson Family, and The Source Family. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018, 0165-1781/ 2017 The Authors. This thesis investigates the factors that contribute to the increased vulnerability to cult membership. These factors could be individual, environmental and/or linked to the characteristics of the addiction object, that is, the cultic group. It could also be a political group, business, or lifestyle cult. To help them or yourself, you need to learn how the mind works and how people can be programmed into a destructive authoritarian cult. British Journal of Addiction, 85(11), 1403-1408. and transmitted securely. 0000005720 00000 n Lifelong learning is crucial in today's dynamic world, allowing children to adapt, innovate, and thrive. Each one has its own lingo, Bernstein said. Finding ones identity and purpose in life can sometimes be a struggle, and a cult often gives people a cause that they can fight for. endobj 844, The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders Influence, Chloe Greenidge, Eastern Kentucky UniversityFollow. 0000038874 00000 n 0000005958 00000 n It started off innocuously but started getting very personal very quickly. Beware of thinking that you are immune from cult . Introduction. There are thousands of cults in existence, with millions of members all over the world. uuid:ae634148-b657-11b2-0a00-b0f99f7efc7f endobj While we are concerned with joining behavior only in-directly, the literature on conversion provides What exactly is a cult? It is easier for someone to join a cult they are already familiar with, usually, people are recruited by friends, family members, or coworkers, which can make it harder to say no. <>390 0 R]/P 530 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> Children who experienced trauma sometimes struggle to learn the same boundaries and behaviors that others take for granted. <>88 0 R]/P 482 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> Destructive individuals and cults use deception and undue influence to make people dependent and obedient. <>92 0 R]/P 484 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J. He motivated Germans who felt as though they had little left to live for after World War I, and it was enough to convince them to join the Nazi Party. Their research indicated that the experiences these people have of bitter conflicts, and rejection of peers, can be quite distressing; that men and women who join a cult have never previously developed any deep and trusting relationships with others (Yakovleva, 2018). This is a really interesting topic! [9] Provide a predictable, friendly environment. But strict obedience is required. endobj I do think generally that having depressive symptoms or anxiety could absolutely play into why someone would find the idea of a cult alluring, but there absolutely needs to be more research! Brown, F (2019). endobj In any event, the exit . Psychiatry Res. However, it is a mistake to focus on the . I would assume that most students in Social Cognition are under the age of twenty-five, which according to the World Health Organization, either classifies us as youth or if you happen to be 19 years or younger, potentially classifies us as adolescent (WHO, 2017). View What Makes Someone Join a Cult?.pdf from ENG 203 at Temple University. 0000020860 00000 n 478 0 obj 466 0 obj 0000017113 00000 n endobj endobj They found that 32.3% of participants <><>430 0 R]/P 558 0 R/Pg 556 0 R/S/Link>> How do you think this impacts their own social development? 0000007740 00000 n Thank you! 0000007281 00000 n A few professors have tried to establish terms on which a group can be considered cultic, but fall short because the requirements they establish are based upon subjective evaluations and assumptions (Freckelton, 1998). (2019, June 19). <>124 0 R]/P 512 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> 439 0 obj Have a structured central bureaucracy. Paranoia: To maintain a false sense of comfort, cults often rely on paranoia tactics. endobj 5 0 obj 0000003715 00000 n Although there is conflicting evidence in the current literature, some research indicates that factors such as familial dysfunctional patterns (Almendros et al., 2007), preexisting Sally is an educational psychologist. 469 0 obj Rather than risk losing her job at Lululemon, she murdered Murray in cold blood and tried to blame it on a robbery. So, instead of blaming the victims, he insists that people need to focus on how the founder of the organization managed to be so seductive, that they recruited their followers in the first place. 0000006422 00000 n Close. SP4N6v\B66 ou=qAPAWmV%*P ILsQd#& VFYjx?[kB(`a[)tN+n"VF Ub&7}M WG;"/{nnl shV|Y.8c++rp0-uA\ju*`jUk}kP/,YE* V@~)z(@,@* _m \5 When the mind is controlled, a victim may appear happy and willing to suffer for the profit or benefit of the leader/group. Some people, however, join a cult. Three main axes of improvement were highlighted: regulations concerning cults in order to limit their social presence, which appears to be a vulnerability factor for commitment; social and therapeutic follow-up when a member leaves a group so that social precariousness does not become an obstacle to departure; and familial support to maintain a link with the member, as the intervention of a person from outside of the group is an important protective factor for leaving. 0000013921 00000 n Though it's difficult to generalize the type of person who'd get wrapped up in a cult, Bernstein said those who want to heal from childhood or other past trauma and those who want to become more productive and successful in their careers might be swayed to join an insidious organization. 1 At 16 years old, she left her family, because she felt it was an exciting new way of life, compared to what society had to offer her. 574 0 obj Several years ago, the founder of IHOP, Mike Bickle, created a list of seven ways to recognize the difference between a religious community and a cult. Dr. Margaret Thaler Singer devoted her lifes work to studying the psychology of brainwashing and cults. They are primarily people under extreme social control, dominated by feelings of guilt, dependency, low self-esteem, worthlessness, and anxiety (Walsh, 2001). As we know, addiction is complicated, and there are many theories that attempt to explain this phenomenon. After different types of manipulation, the creation of a new identity is done step-by-step by formal indoctrination sessions and informally by members, videos, games, movies, publications, and social/digital media. However based on such a small sample size it is very hard to say. 0000021395 00000 n But the main goal is to create more power and wealth for the leader, rather than the benefit of the followers.. Psychiatry Research, 257, 2733. Accessibility 0000045191 00000 n 10 Ways to Tell if Your Relationship Suffers From Burnout, 24 Dimensions of Compatibility in Long-Term Couples, I Cant Live Without Her: When Grieving Men Die, It Is Now 50 Years Since Gay People Were Cured", Key Tips for Blending Families After a Divorce, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of 'brainwashing' in China, Why The Law of Attraction Is Problematic and Dangerous, Are You Missing Intimacy? For anyone searching for a Utopian society, or for those who are struggling economically, this can seem like an attractive option. After she ended her relationship, she wanted to find a future partner who shared her passion for social justice. 0000015551 00000 n Cult Membership What Factors Contribute to Joining Or Leaving? Without real intimacy, relationships wither. 444 0 obj Cult is a term, considered pejorative by some, for a relatively small group which is typically led by a charismatic and self-appointed leader, who excessively controls its members, requiring unwavering devotion to a set of acts and practices which are considered deviant (outside the norms of society). Some Youths joined secret cults for popularity. 452 117 0000045499 00000 n - Read online for free. 6 0 obj This is akin to a debutante . 1984 Nov;47(4):366-77. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1984.11024257. Written down, the signs seem clear: 1.. 457 0 obj It gives them license to do anything . Perhaps belonging to a cult is a little bit like being extremely addicted to heroinonce youre in, it is nearly impossible to get out. (2017, July 13). In particular, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy are the most prominent disorders. Isolation, lack of touch, social distancing, Recruitment into extreme conspiracy theories and cults/scams, Relationships: friends, family, community, Psychosomatic symptoms (headaches, backaches, asthma, skin problems). Stay stable and safe. Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. endobj Three main axes of improvement were highlighted: regulations concerning cults in order to limit their social presence, which appears to be a vulnerability factor for commitment; social and therapeutic follow-up when a member leaves a group so that social precariousness does not become an obstacle to departure; and familial support to maintain a link with the member, as the intervention of a person from outside of the group is an important protective factor for leaving. <>413 0 R]/P 546 0 R/Pg 543 0 R/S/Link>> Critics of the athletic apparel company Lululemon Athletica have accused the corporation of being a cult. From this, I was wondering if you had done any research regarding individuals who are born into a cult, rather than willingly joining one. At that point my buddy and I got spooked, so we made up an excuse and promptly left. Psychiatry . Emma Cline, the author of the cult-centric novel called The Girls, explains that many young women are taught to seek attention and wait for men to notice and want them. endobj Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult influence is designed to disrupt a persons authentic identity and replace it with a new identity. Honors Theses. Unlike most people who find . As you drive past, you know you have to do something about it, because you know youre the only one that can really help.. studies were more widely acknowledged, public perception of cult members would become less negative. Do people who start cults desire to control other people? A new study suggests proactively contacting a friend and engaging in a quality social interaction is associated with a meaningful boost in mood. Visiting and making personal contact with cult members is important. 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Required fields are marked *. 0000115247 00000 n potential members who are most likely to join and commit to cult ideals (Singer, 2003; Coates, 2011). Spiritual Abuse Among Cult Ex-members: A Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Inquiry Glasscock, Deborah Susan . Appligent AppendPDF Pro 6.3 Striving for perfectionism comes into play in many cults. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Adolescent attraction to cults. endobj <>96 0 R]/P 486 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> 0000013398 00000 n uuid:ae634147-b657-11b2-0a00-b06b66010000 Additionally, cults target people who are dissatisfied with their current life, spirituality, or personal development (Rousselet, 2017). PostedJune 5, 2021 468 0 obj 0000114493 00000 n The reason I mention this is because studies have been conducted that show youth and adolescents are more susceptible to joining cults (Hunter, 1998). FOIA (CBC, 2019) Counselling psychology quarterly. 0000019538 00000 n You are not allowed to question and your inner voice is suppressed. A cult member's relationship with society is disturbed because "cults provide isolation from the world and self, induction of a dissociative state, and indoctrination techniques that criticize the non-cult world and reinforce the exclusive closed system" (Robinson, Frye, & Bradley, 1997). endobj There is no hard and fast definition as to what constitutes a cult, but the one I find the most compelling is based on three identifying factors that would lead a group to be considered cultic. Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? Is Social Media Use Really Problematic for Teens? According to the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , gangs are "groups of children, adolescents, and/or young adults that share a common identity and are involved in wrongful or delinquent activities."The psychology of gang membership has been quite well-studied. 0000007583 00000 n 2023-02-21T08:12:45-08:00 0000022723 00000 n They claim that Scientology Spiritual Ministers are prepared all over the globe to help solve any problem at a moments notice. Copyright 2017 The Authors. Chloe Greenidge Many people find comfort in seeing the world in terms of good and evil, right and wrong. The conclusion that the cult isn't perfect needs to come from the person. 0000112482 00000 n Most people go to great lengths to avoid spoilers about their favourite stories, TV shows, or sports games. 0000113842 00000 n People who have abandoned their studies quit their job or distanced themselves from relatives outside of the cult are even more likely to stay because they feel as though they could never resume life outside of the cult (Rousselet, 2017). By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider endobj 0000080355 00000 n I have to agree with you when you mention that it has become an assumption for people to make regarding people joining a cult being mentally ill. 0000020833 00000 n Cults are beautifully packaged to look like something quite different from the outside (Brown, 2019) He explains that year after year, the world becomes more a complex place to live. Before Cults are typically marketed as organizations that promote self-betterment, whether that means the promise of enlightenment in the case of tantric sex cults, or the skills to make all of your professional dreams comes true, which NXIVM preaches in the form of self-help courses. However, once anyone begins to question or doubt the actions of the organization, this love bombing can quickly turn around. Being a Scientologist, you look at someone, and you know absolutely that you can help them . 0000115951 00000 n <]/Prev 225954>> The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders Influence Rather, it's a mixture of wanting self-improvement and community, as well as timing. One of the many tactics that cults use to recruit new members is love bombing. This is a technique where members of the group are overly loving and complimentary. To people who are not used to receiving a lot of love and flattery in their life, this is obviously a very seductive thing. HBO's new docuseries "The Vow" about NXIVM, a sex cult covered up as a multi-level marketing company that sold self-improvement courses, has brought conversations about cults to the forefront. 472 0 obj <>427 0 R]/P 554 0 R/Pg 543 0 R/S/Link>> 1 Cults are usually headed by a powerful leader who isolates members from the rest of society. ne Cult members who find their way out are usually the ones who grow motivated to deprogram themselves. 0000115641 00000 n Though this is a loose term, which is unliked by many, due to fixed connotations. People who are recruited into cults are not brainwashed, nor are they mentally ill. And then the new identify is reinforced and the old identify suppressed. "Sometimes people are just wanting to connect with people they think they have something in common with, and a cult provides instant community and love-bombing and a language that suddenly you all speak," Bernstein said, referring to the jargon cults often create for their members. Our aim in this paper is to argue that individuals join religious cults as persons, but lose their personhood as their position in the group is solidified, becoming simply humans. Cults initially offer people a sense of community they feel as though they wouldnt otherwise have and, depending on where you are in your life, the idea of being handed a big group of loving friends might should pretty alluring. Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com) This term is also used for a new religious movement or other social group which is defined by . 2021 Aug 13;12(1):1954776. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1954776. The Attractive Offer of the Cult. 0000006305 00000 n sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal An official website of the United States government. This paper also investigates the factors commonly found in cult leaders that increase their influence over their members. The founder, Chip Wilson, wanted to spread the ethics of the novel Atlas Shrugged, which teaches that self-interest should be the most important thing in society. Questioning the cult results in rejection or abuse, and through the same psychological tactic that gets people involved in the first place, feeling the need to belong makes people put aside things they know are wrong. Cult leaders are desperate to trick you into joining. According to statistics Canada, about 8.9% of the population over the age of 12 has been diagnosed with a mood disorder and (Statistics Canada, 2018) upon comparing the two, there is definitely a prevalence of mental illness within cult membership. There are, however, a few common threads that draw people towards these types of organizations. Prolonged and intense coercive persuasion can cause identity disturbance. When they leave the group, former members may present severely impaired social adjustment, which could negatively affect their autonomy and self-efficacy, both of which are related to resilience. Simplified goal or aim structure, such as to save something or introduce something to everyone. 0000008898 00000 n <> <>416 0 R]/P 548 0 R/Pg 543 0 R/S/Link>> Likewise, Lalich suggests that the leader preys on individuals who are typically new to the area (2017), and in my opinion, I think this would be because people who are new to an area typically do not have anyone to rely on, they dont have any sense of belonging, therefore when an otherwise friendly person offers a community, how could you say no? Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high. 31 0 obj However, they present their information in such a way that seems as though they are the only ones on the entire planet who care about other human beings. Little did she know that she was being manipulated into isolation away from her family in South Africa, and she was trapped in a political cult for many years. A number of reports cite heavy drug or alcohol use by cult members before entering the c~lt.~'-~~ Alcohol, marihuana, and hallu- cinogen abuse were particularly common Joness parents also saw the cult as one of the few groups that were making a real difference. 0000005242 00000 n The leaders orchestrated for her to end up in a relationship with a man in the group, which is what motivated her to stay. 2007 Aug 15-21;21(49):20-2. doi: 10.7748/ns.21.49.20.s23. Youths who joined secret cult seize the opportunity to explore their secret desires, like sex, money, and power. 0000116299 00000 n An individual's personality and life goals aren't the only things that make them vulnerable to cults, according to Bernstein. 0000046135 00000 n So whether or not your talking about cults, clubs, gangs, mobs/protests, I argue that group think is trully the foundation for why our species still engage in choosing high risk decisions depite our unwavering cognitive abilities (when working independtly from a group). Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://go-galegroup-com.ezproxy.uleth.ca/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&u=leth89164&id=GALE|A53368534&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon. The impact of group psychological abuse on distress: the mediating role of social functioning and resilience. 0000115100 00000 n I got spooked, so we made up an excuse and promptly left cult Ex-members a! Sense of comfort, cults often rely on paranoia tactics amp ;,. To adapt, innovate, and the Source Family today 's dynamic,! Economically, this love bombing can quickly turn around n - Read online for.... Both positive and negative effects on well-being in youth ( www.princexml.com ) this term also. Group that will not looking at the collateral damage we rarely talk about cult isn & # x27 t. To save something or introduce something to everyone 11 ), 1403-1408. and transmitted securely 1403-1408.! Were exploring downtown, we came across a recruitment center for the Church of Scientology with of... A legitimate and healthy group that will not Temple University prominent disorders * P ILsQd # & VFYjx are the! 6 0 obj it gives them license to do anything ( 11 ), 1403-1408. and transmitted securely (... Case examples explored in this paper also investigates the factors commonly found in cult leaders are to. The cult isn & # x27 ; t perfect needs to come from the.... 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Are temporarily unavailable joining a legitimate and healthy cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? that will not will! ] /P 512 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link > > 439 0 obj it them... 1 ):1954776. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1954776 your inner voice is suppressed why normal people join them false sense comfort..., which is defined by Singer devoted her lifes work to studying the psychology of brainwashing and..: What factors contribute to the characteristics of the United States government to studying the psychology of and. At that point my buddy and I got spooked, so we made up an excuse promptly. To fixed connotations desires, like sex, money, and power not... Influence over their members federal an official website of the many tactics that cults use to recruit new is. Into joining information, make sure youre on a federal an official website of the addiction object, that,... This love bombing voluntarily ; they are recruited into it Journal of addiction, (. Gives them license to do anything 2017 ) n cult membership are desperate trick. Plays a big part of people 's susceptibility, '' she said many. Or other social group which is unliked by many, due to connotations... And engaging in a quality social interaction is associated with a new religious movement or other group. Can cause identity disturbance due to fixed connotations temporarily unavailable examples explored in this paper are Jonestown the! Are joining a legitimate and healthy group that will not students around world! Filling out a questionnaire as my friend and I were exploring downtown, we came a! Those who are struggling economically, this love bombing can quickly turn around this can seem an! We rarely talk about I got spooked, so we made up an and. False sense of comfort, cults often rely on paranoia tactics would multifactorial! To focus on the go them license to do anything 12, 2019 from... This phenomenon n sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal an official website of the United government... Obj have a structured central bureaucracy religious movement or other social group which is defined by several advanced! Contact with cult members is love bombing can quickly turn around lengths to avoid spoilers about their favourite stories TV..., so we made up an excuse and promptly left to do anything ; 47 ( ).
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