When I recovered a little, I found some black people about me, who I believed were some of those who had brought me on board, and had been receiving their pay; they talked to me in order to cheer me, but all in vain. Equiano had been bought and sold throughout the Americas and Europe; he showed the, Olaudah Equianos The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavas Vassa, the African was first published in 1789 in London, England (687). 0000007945 00000 n 0000190526 00000 n They are designed to help you practice working with historical documents. 0000049655 00000 n Olaudah Equiano's first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. Equiano eventually purchased his freedom and lived in London where he advocated for abolition. These questions are based on the accompanying primary sources. 0000011561 00000 n 2. In a little time after, amongst the poor chained men, I found some of my own nation, which in a small degree gave ease to my mind. The Middle Passage, as written by Olaudah Equiano in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, refers to . 0000070662 00000 n Furthermore, although much of Equianos story centered on his extensive sea travel, his harmonious mixture of formal and informal word choices along with the lack of the technical terminology commonly associated with sailors helps the general audience, As stated in The Classic Slave Narratives: The Life of Gustavus Vassa, a sense of bewilderment and fright was his first response upon arriving at the coast. The Kingdom of Benin was located along the western cost of Africa, which was a common route of European slave traders who then transported the slaves to the New World. 0000010066 00000 n Equiano always remained aware of his race and culture however he was in search of a freedom that no matter whom he was told to be his identity of obtaining this as well as soon gaining control of his own life always remained the same. 1, 7088. Corrections? hb```b``f`B cc`apmGUl:T!0E8Jsm/|*bGAAAY~ . 0000002932 00000 n They put us in separate parcels, and examined us attentively. They also instructed him in the Bible and took him to be baptized. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Brampton Manufacturing is considering a Retirement Plan for its staff. Historical Thinking Standard 4: Historical Research Capabilities. In London Equiano lodged with relatives of Pascal, two sisters called the Miss Guerins, who were kind to Equiano and began to teach him to read and write. After a time, Equiano grew restless and decided he could make more money at sea, so he worked on a number of voyages. Olaudah Equianos first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. His narrative also offered a first-hand (first-person narrative) account of slavery and shared the story of his journey towards freedom. %PDF-1.5 % I was immediately handled and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me". Equiano used various descriptive words to describe the conditions of enslavement across the Atlantic Ocean. The customs are very different from those of England, but he also makes the case for their similarity to traditions of the Jews, even suggesting that Jews and Africans share a common heritage. I therefore wished much to be from amongst them, for I expected they would sacrifice me; but my wishes were vain for we were so quartered that it was impossible for any of us to make our escape. 0000192597 00000 n The narrative by Olaudah Equiano gives an interesting perspective of slavery both within and outside of Africa in the eighteenth century. Date Posted: Olaudah Equiano Recalls the Middle Passage 1789 Olaudah Equiano (17451797), also known as Gustavus Vassa, was born in Benin (in west Africa). CommonLit is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Summary of Equiano's Story. Abolitionist Sheet Music Cover Page, 1844, Barack Obama, Howard University Commencement Address (2016), Blueprint and Photograph of Christ Church, Constitutional Ratification Cartoon, 1789, Drawing of Uniforms of the American Revolution, Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law Lithograph, 1850, Genius of the Ladies Magazine Illustration, 1792, Missionary Society Membership Certificate, 1848, Painting of Enslaved Persons for Sale, 1861, The Fruit of Alcohol and Temperance Lithographs, 1849, The Society for United States Intellectual History Primary Source Reader, Bartolom de Las Casas Describes the Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples, 1542, Thomas Morton Reflects on Indians in New England, 1637, Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca Travels through North America, 1542, Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization, 1584, John Winthrop Dreams of a City on a Hill, 1630, John Lawson Encounters Native Americans, 1709, A Gaspesian Man Defends His Way of Life, 1641, Manuel Trujillo Accuses Asencio Povia and Antonio Yuba of Sodomy, 1731, Olaudah Equiano Describes the Middle Passage, 1789, Francis Daniel Pastorius Describes his Ocean Voyage, 1684, Rose Davis is sentenced to a life of slavery, 1715, Boston trader Sarah Knight on her travels in Connecticut, 1704, Jonathan Edwards Revives Enfield, Connecticut, 1741, Samson Occom describes his conversion and ministry, 1768, Extracts from Gibson Cloughs War Journal, 1759, Alibamo Mingo, Choctaw leader, Reflects on the British and French, 1765, George R. 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Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. I also now first saw the use of the quadrant. Just when the reader had thought it couldnt get worse for the troubled boy, he aches, we were soon deprived of even the small comfort of weeping together. Even after he shares with us that he has been thrown in a sack and basically deprived of his basic human rights, this was a new rock bottom for Equiano. One of the most interesting arguments that modern apologists makes for the practice of race-based slavery in the Americas is the fact that slavery existed in Africa during that time period and that Africans were complicit in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. . Is It Not Enough that We Are Torn From Our Country and Friends?: Olaudah Equiano Describes the Horrors of the Middle Passage, 1780s. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Based on Olaudah Equianos account and one supporting primary source, cite evidence that indicates there were likely people from many African countries on this particular journey. However, Pascal betrayed Equiano by preventing him from leaving the ship and forcing him into yet another form of slavery under Captain James Doran. Many merchants and planters now came on board, though it was in the evening. He thought they were going to try to kill him and eat him. One day they had taken a number of fishes; and when they had killed and satisfied themselves with as many as they thought fit, to our astonishment who were on deck, rather than give any of them to us to eat, as we expected, they tossed the remaining fish into the sea again, although we begged and prayed for some as well as we could, but in vain; and some of my countrymen, being pressed by hunger, took an opportunity, when they thought no one saw them, of trying to get a little privately; but they were discovered, and the attempt procured them some very severe floggings. At last we came in sight of the island of Barbadoes, at which the whites on board gave a great shout, and made many signs of joy to us. Constitution Avenue, NW The Sinking of the Central America, Wong Hands residence and travel documents, Download the student worksheet for Olaudah Equiano, http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/1_4.html, http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/1_2.html#LifeAtSea1, http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/museums/brookes.html. Equiano still observed a number of cases in which freemen were forced back into slaverysomething which nearly happened to him as welland this underlined for him the fragility of his freedom. (Provide at least 3 examples) 3. We can also see how developed the system of trade was within Africa, and worldwide by this time. Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself. startxref The Life of Olaudah Equiano Read the paragraph from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, and then answer the question. Equiano does this through a series of questions. From these writings we can gain insight into the religion and customs of an African culture. As you analyze the documents, take into account the source of each document and any point of view that may be presented in the document. In Turkey, Equiano became acquainted with a group of people who helped him better understand Bible verses. Olaudah Equiano Describes the Horrors of the Middle Passage, 1780s. Surely, this is a new refinement in cruelty, which, while it has no advantage to atone for it, thus aggravates distress, and adds fresh horrors even to the wretchedness of slavery. This heightened my wonder: and I was now more persuaded than ever that I was in another world, and that every thing about me was magic. Newsletter subscription managed by MailChimp. At last, when the ship we were in had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so that we could not see how they managed the vessel. Must every tender feeling be likewise sacrificed to your avarice? 0000002872 00000 n 0000004891 00000 n Pascal also stole everything in Equianos possession besides nine guineas hed saved over the years. He spoke little English and had almost no one to talk to. He lectured against the cruelty of British slaveowners. Buying and enslaving the people who supplied this labor ultimately became a lucrative and tragic part of the commerce in the maritime web that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Equiano spends the first section of the book. I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces, and long hair. Some of these documents have been edited, but all are authentic. While Equiano describes the practice of slavery as common among his own people, he contrasts slavery within Africa to the brutal racial hierarchy established by white Europeans. This argument allows Equiano to begin to assert the full humanity of slaves and of black people in general, who only seem inferior to Europeans because they are cruelly subjugated by white people. Olaudah Equiano (16 October 1745 - 31 March 1797), also known by the European name Gustavus Vassa, was born in what is now Nigeria. The majority of human beings would do everything to flee from such a situation that could not lead to a favorable outcome, Equiano is no different. Olaudah Equiano's first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. Windlass (noun) : I understood them, though they were from a distant part of Africa; and I thought it odd I had not seen any horses there; but afterwards, when I came to converse with different Africans, I found they had many horses amongst them, and much larger than those I then saw. No love, no shelter, no family. Within the kingdom of Benin is an inland province named Essaka, where he was born in 1745. Happily perhaps for myself I was soon reduced so low here that it was thought necessary to keep me almost always on deck; and from my extreme youth I was not put in fetters. I could not help expressing my fears and apprehensions to some of my countrymen; I asked them if these people had no country, but lived in this hollow place (the ship)? Documents discovered at the turn of the 21st century, which suggest that Olaudah Equiano may have been born in North America, have raised questions, still unresolved, about whether his accounts of Africa and the Middle Passage are based on memory, reading, or a combination of the two. On the ship Equiano also befriended a young white boy named Richard (Dick) Baker, and the two became inseparable. published since 1788. It went through one American and eight British editions during his lifetime. Farmer allowed Equiano to develop his own commercial activities: starting with three pence, Equiano slowly built up savings and goods to trade himself. Click the card to flip Flashcards I was told they had. Is it not enough that we are torn from our country and friends, to toil for your luxury and lust of gain? This famous plan has appeared in almost every study of the Middle Passage ships in the Middle Passage. An Analysis of Olaudah Equiano's 'The Middle Passage', Middle Passage by Olaudah Equiano This, and the stench of the necessary tubs, carried off many. 0000070742 00000 n But his happiness ended at the age of eleven. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. 0000034256 00000 n 0000034176 00000 n Courtesy National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, NPG.78.82. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. 0000002469 00000 n They told me they could not tell; but that there was cloth put upon the masts by the help of the ropes I saw, and then the vessel went on; and the white men had some spell or magic they put in the water when they liked, in order to stop the vessel. I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the mens apartment, there were several brothers, who, in the sale, were sold in different lots; and it was very moving on this occasion, to see and hear their cries at parting. "I believe there are few events in my life which have not happened to many; it is true the incidents of it are numerous, and, did I consider myself an European, I might say my sufferings were great; but when I compare my lot with that of most of my countrymen, I regard myself as a particular favorite of heaven, and acknowledge the mercies of Providence in every occurrence of my life." OLAUDAH EQUIANO RECALLS THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 5.0 (4 reviews) Term 1 / 7 PART A: What is the author's likely purpose for including the dialogue in paragraph 5? One day, when we had a smooth sea and moderate wind, two of my wearied countrymen who were chained together (I was near them at the time), preferring death to such a life of misery, somehow made through the nettings and jumped into the sea; immediately, another quite dejected fellow, who, on account of his illness, was suffered to be out of irons, also followed their example; and I believe many more would very soon have done the same, if they had not been prevented by the ships crew, who were instantly alarmed. The transatlantic slave trade was a terrorizing and horrible experience for the enslaved. In this situation I expected every hour to share the fate of my companions, some of whom were almost daily brought upon deck at the point of death, which I began to hope would soon put an end to my miseries. 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